Address

0xaAd8B716D47c5A0F52a130dE66510eC89c1e0860

0 ETH

Confirmed
Balance0 ETH
Transactions596
Non-contract Transactions596
Internal Transactions0
Nonce587
ContractQuantityValueTransfers#
0x69PEPE605721453311.472876493 69PEPE1
A Next-Generation Smart Contract and Decentralized Application Platform Satoshi Nakamoto's development of Bitcoin in 2009 has often been hailed as a radical development in money and currency, being the first example of a digital asset which simultaneously has no backing or *intrinsic value(opens in a new tab)* and no centralized issuer or controller. However, another, arguably more important, part of the Bitcoin experiment is the underlying blockchain technology as a tool of distributed consensus, and attention is rapidly starting to shift to this other aspect of Bitcoin. Commonly cited alternative applications of blockchain technology include using on-blockchain digital assets to represent custom currencies and financial instruments (*colored coins(opens in a new tab)*), the ownership of an underlying physical device (*smart property(opens in a new tab)*), non-fungible assets such as domain names (*Namecoin(opens in a new tab)*), as well as more complex applications involving having digital assets being directly controlled by a piece of code implementing arbitrary rules (*smart contracts(opens in a new tab)*) or even blockchain-based *decentralized autonomous organizations(opens in a new tab)* (DAOs). What Ethereum intends to provide is a blockchain with a built-in fully fledged Turing-complete programming language that can be used to create *contracts* that can be used to encode arbitrary state transition functions, allowing users to create any of the systems described above, as well as many others that we have not yet imagined, simply by writing up the logic in a few lines of code. Introduction to Bitcoin and Existing Concepts History The concept of decentralized digital currency, as well as alternative applications like property registries, has been around for decades. The anonymous e-cash protocols of the 1980s and the 1990s, mostly reliant on a cryptographic primitive known as Chaumian blinding, provided a currency with a high degree of privacy, but the protocols largely failed to gain traction because of their reliance on a centralized intermediary. In 1998, Wei Dai's b-money(opens in a new tab) became the first proposal to introduce the idea of creating money through solving computational puzzles as well as decentralized consensus, but the proposal was scant on details as to how decentralized consensus could actually be implemented. In 2005, Hal Finney introduced a concept of *reusable proofs of work(opens in a new tab)*, a system which uses ideas from b-money together with Adam Back's computationally difficult Hashcash puzzles to create a concept for a cryptocurrency, but once again fell short of the ideal by relying on trusted computing as a backend. In 2009, a decentralized currency was for the first time implemented in practice by Satoshi Nakamoto, combining established primitives for managing ownership through public key cryptography with a consensus algorithm for keeping track of who owns coins, known as *proof-of-work*. The mechanism behind proof-of-work was a breakthrough in the space because it simultaneously solved two problems. First, it provided a simple and moderately effective consensus algorithm, allowing nodes in the network to collectively agree on a set of canonical updates to the state of the Bitcoin ledger. Second, it provided a mechanism for allowing free entry into the consensus process, solving the political problem of deciding who gets to influence the consensus, while simultaneously preventing sybil attacks. It does this by substituting a formal barrier to participation, such as the requirement to be registered as a unique entity on a particular list, with an economic barrier - the weight of a single node in the consensus voting process is directly proportional to the computing power that the node brings. Since then, an alternative approach has been proposed called proof-of-stake, calculating the weight of a node as being proportional to its currency holdings and not computational resources; the discussion of the relative merits of the two approaches is beyond the scope of this paper but it should be noted that both approaches can be used to serve as the backbone of a cryptocurrency. Bitcoin As A State Transition System From a technical standpoint, the ledger of a cryptocurrency such as Bitcoin can be thought of as a state transition system, where there is a *state* consisting of the ownership status of all existing bitcoins and a *state transition function* that takes a state and a transaction and outputs a new state which is the result. In a standard banking system, for example, the state is a balance sheet, a transaction is a request to move $X from A to B, and the state transition function reduces the value in A's account by $X and increases the value in B's account by $X. If A's account has less than $X in the first place, the state transition function returns an error. Hence, one can formally define: The *state* in Bitcoin is the collection of all coins (technically, Üunspent transaction outputs* or UTXO) that have been minted and not yet spent, with each UTXO having a denomination and an owner (defined by a 20-byte address which is essentially a cryptographic public keyfn1). A transaction contains one or more inputs, with each input containing a reference to an existing UTXO and a cryptographic signature produced by the private key associated with the owner's address, and one or more outputs, with each output containing a new UTXO to be added to the state. The state transition function APPLY(S,TX) -> S' can be defined roughly as follows: For each input in TX: If the referenced UTXO is not in S, return an error. If the provided signature does not match the owner of the UTXO, return an error. If the sum of the denominations of all input UTXO is less than the sum of the denominations of all output UTXO, return an error. Return S with all input UTXO removed and all output UTXO added. The first half of the first step prevents transaction senders from spending coins that do not exist, the second half of the first step prevents transaction senders from spending other people's coins, and the second step enforces conservation of value. In order to use this for payment, the protocol is as follows. Suppose Alice wants to send 11.7 BTC to Bob. First, Alice will look for a set of available UTXO that she owns that totals up to at least 11.7 BTC. Realistically, Alice will not be able to get exactly 11.7 BTC; say that the smallest she can get is 6+4+2=12. She then creates a transaction with those three inputs and two outputs. The first output will be 11.7 BTC with Bob's address as its owner, and the second output will be the remaining 0.3 BTC *change*, with the owner being Alice herself1187798.328481644889505586 GENESIS1
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Gunshow0.542218768518030575 KCG6
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NewPepe2.00.440726171 PƎPƎ2.04
Not Selling4618407.267328197 $HOLD1
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One Piece Pepe0.426166445 ONEPEPE4
PAPPLE0.358612296 PAPPLE3
PEPE0.270955857070305961 PEPE3
PEPE II0.731857064 PEPE3
PEPE SMOKERZ0.463104152 𝑆𝑀𝑂𝐾𝐸𝑅𝑍3
PEPEGIRL0.99073443 PEPEG3
PEPEGOLD0.838661914 PEPEGOLD2
POPO0 $POPO4
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PepeHoppyLandwolfDorkLordRedHotCockMattfurieMemeLord0.653704163169737841 MLORD2
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Rekt2.186478123 REKT12
Rick Roll4064600359617.416072341860179038 RICK1
SAME COIN0.930114851 SAMECOIN2
SAME COIN1.80927204 SAME COIN4
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Sign Coin0.574728926 SCOIN4
Sir Fine6772143303787.530540787 SFINE1
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SᑎE𝕂 𝕃ⓞr∂0.869282659 SNEKL6
THE ILIAD1629949.890389159 ILIAD1
THEFINESTMEME0.776657412 FINEST4
Teeny Tiny Ethereum3360644.903467267 TTE1
The Iliad1.106651134 Iliad4
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XXXX0.184375469 XXXX3
ZIOR Token7619.579913216 $ZIOR1
ZOMBIE RUNNER0.979369948 ZOMBIE3
ZOOM0.698267345 ZOOM3
frengate3051921.791660542890705154 FG2
hart 🟤0.000000001 $hart3
sms-man0.573386114 smsman3
ƎԀƎԀ0.221633195 ƎԀƎԀ3
ℙ𝔼ℙ𝔼4206915556137.2456775 ℙ𝔼ℙ𝔼1
∀N∀N∀q0.988607975356498463 ∀N∀N∀q3
冈仁波齐0.827678565 གངས་རིན་པོ་ཆེ་3
𝒮𝓃♡𝓊𝓉𝓃🍩𝓈𝑒 𝒫𝒶𝓇𝓉𝓎𝓈𝓁𝓊𝓉0.121781903762917948 PARTYS3
𝗕𝗼𝘁0.307931751843785825 𝗕𝗼𝘁3
𝗕𝗼𝘁56879.54404624 𝗕𝗼𝘁1
𝗣𝘂𝗳𝗳𝘆 𝗕𝗶𝗿𝗱𝗼0.16786991353768191 𝗕𝗶𝗿𝗱𝗼3
🇵 🇪 🇵 🇪240302.881776115 🇵 🇪 🇵 🇪1
🍒 ⋆ 🍎 🎀 𝒮𝓃♡𝓊𝓉𝓃🍩𝓈𝑒 𝒫𝒶𝓇𝓉𝓎𝓈𝓁𝓊𝓉 🎀0.000000001 🍒 ⋆ 🍎 🎀 𝒮𝓃♡𝓊𝓉𝓃🍩𝓈𝑒 𝒫𝒶𝓇𝓉𝓎𝓈𝓁𝓊𝓉 🎀3
🐍0.317438981 🐍2
🙂0.448011794 🙂2

Transactions

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12807620.163375576999999999 SDB